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Elements and Performance Criteria

  1. Procure suitable instruments.
  2. Commission new instruments.
  3. Train instrument operators.
  4. Maintain instruments fit for purpose.

Required Skills

Required skills

recognising

types of measuring instruments such as air proportional gas proportional gas ionisation GeigerMuller GM compensated GM scintillation neutron monitors solid state and personal dosimeters badge and electronic

advantages and limitations of their use

locating interpreting and comparing information about measuring instruments used by organisation

selecting suitable instruments by analysing factors such as intended use fixedportable laboratoryfield range of radiation types intensities and energies accuracy sensitivity response time robustness serviceability and limitations

conducting preuse and calibration checks troubleshooting common faults conducting basic repairs of and maintaining radiation measuring instruments used in job role

safely operating radiation measuring instruments used in job role to obtain reliable data

processing and analysing radiation measurement data and applying established corrections

interpreting manuals and writing operating instructions for radiation measuring instruments used in organisation

seeking advice and further directions when faced with unforseen circumstances or situations that may require decisions or response actions beyond technical competence

Required knowledge

terms and concepts such as

ionising radiation radioactivity radioactive material activity dose contamination contamination controls shielding halflife and radionuclide

operating voltage accuracy response time sensitivity detection limit linearity sourcedetector geometry and distance corrections compensation

types energies and properties of ionising radiation eg alpha beta gamma neutron xray electron sources and shielding methods

definitions of radiation quantities such as exposure dose tissue weighting factor effective dose dose rate radiation weighting factor dose equivalent and dose limits

international system SI of units for radiation quantities multiples and submultiples

techniques for conducting measurements and monitoring surveys used in organisation

characteristics capabilities limitations function of key components and operating principles of radiation measuring instruments used in organisation

role and importance of regular calibration and preuse checks and maintenance

common instrument faults troubleshooting and recommended remedial actions and repairs

common instrument operator errors

techniques for assessing radiation hazards likely to be encountered in job role

guidelines and safety procedures for working with radiation sources based on principles of

reducing exposure time

maintaining greatest distance

using as much shielding as possible

health safety and workplace emergency response procedures relevant to job role

Evidence Required

The Evidence Guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance criteria required skills and knowledge range statement and the Assessment Guidelines for the Training Package

Overview of assessment

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

Assessment must confirm the ability to

select radiation measuring instruments that will enable the organisation to successfully implement its radiation management plan

maintain sufficient numbers of fully functioning instruments to satisfy the organisations predictable requirements

train instrument operators to use radiation measuring instruments safely and reliably

keep accurate and complete records relevant to job role

Consistency in performance

Competency should be demonstrated by the candidate selecting commissioning and maintaining the radiation measuring instruments relevant to his or her job role

Pathway

Determining competency for this unit may require checking the candidates skills against PSPRADA Perform basic radiation measurements

Determining competency for this unit may require checking the candidate's skills against PSPRAD003A Perform basic radiation measurements.

Context of and specific resources for assessment

Competency should be assessed in the workplace or a simulated workplace environment

Assessment must comply with

local regulations regarding the registration of operators premises and sources at workplaces where radioactive materials andor ionising radiation equipment are present

organisations radiation management plan

manufacturers instructions for operating radiation measuring instruments

Access may be required to

registered premises and sources

supervision by a radiation safety professional

radiation measuring instruments and monitoring equipment

appropriate personal protective equipment

radiation management plan or procedures

Method of assessment

The following assessment methods are suggested

oral and written tests and calculations involving

radiation quantities

setup calibration and basic maintenance of radiation measuring instruments

review of records of instrument selection use and maintenance generated by the candidate

review of instrument training materials and records generated by the candidate

feedback from peers and supervisor that working instruments are available when required

observation of the candidate checking using and maintaining radiation measuring instruments

In all cases practical assessment should be supported by questions to assess underpinning knowledge and those aspects of competency that are difficult to assess directly

Guidance information for assessment


Range Statement

The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included.

Ionising radiation may include:

x-rays, electrons, neutrons, gamma rays, beta particles and alpha particles emitted from radioactive materials, including sealed and unsealed sources

neutrons emitted from generator tubes

x-rays generated by industrial radiography equipment, XRF and XRD instruments.

Radiation measuring instruments may involve:

detectors, such as:

air proportional (alpha)

gas proportional (alpha, beta)

gas ionisation (gamma)

Geiger-Muller (beta, gamma)

ionisation (beta)

scintillation (alpha, beta, gamma)

solid state (alpha, gamma)

signal conditioning, such as:

analogue and digital ratemeters

pulse height, scalers, single/multi channel analysers, and integrators

displays, such as:

dose and dose rate

dose equivalent and dose equivalent rate

exposure and exposure rate.

Programs to monitor hazards may include: surveys and measurements for:

establishing background levels

identifying and quantifying radiation near equipment that emits ionising radiation

identifying areas of elevated activity and possible contamination

identifying and quantifying radiation contamination at specified locations

locating discrete radiation sources

assessing integrity of packaging or shielding

determining the effectiveness of decontamination

locating contamination on personnel and equipment

verifying contamination control boundaries.

Radiation-related work activities may include:

extracting, milling, processing and packing radioactive ores

operating, installing, servicing and calibrating fixed radiation gauges, bore hole logging or industrial radiography equipment, moisture/density gauges

decontaminating and servicing equipment that has been in contact with radioactive material

XRF and XRD analysis

collecting, preparing and testing samples containing radioactive materials

using radionuclides in a laboratory.

Radiation protection safety standards, codes and guidelines may include:

Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) radiation protection series publications, such as:

RPS No.1 Recommendations for Limiting Exposure to Ionizing Radiation (1995) and National Standard for Limiting Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation (republished 2002)

RPS No.7 Recommendations for Intervention in Emergency Situations Involving Radiation Exposure (2004)

RPS No.6 National Directory for Radiation Protection (2004)

RPS No.9 Code of Practice and Safety Guide for Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste Management in Mining and Mineral Processing (2005)

RPS No.15 Safety Guide for the Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) (2008)

requirements of commonwealth, state and territory radiation protection and safety legislation

definition of a responsible person

Australian standards.

Specifications and features of instruments may include:

types of measurements to be performed, such as direct, scanning and sampling

radionuclides and radiation energies (KeV, MeV) of interest

detector type, window thickness and density, and probe area

detector sensitivity and detection limits

response time

estimated uncertainty for each range

single or multi-channel analyser

interfacing with data loggers and computers

power and battery requirements

size and weight

use under environmental conditions, including:

thermal and mechanical stress

magnetic and electrostatic fields.

Adult learning principles may include:

explaining aims and objectives of training program

linking learning with everyday work tasks

using a logical sequence of learning activities

presenting new information in manageable chunks

providing opportunities to practise new skills and solve common problems

reinforcing important points

using a range of questions to check understanding

providing regular and constructive feedback.

Regular instrument checks and minor maintenance may include:

cleaning

checking and replacing batteries

checking zero, span and range

using one or more sources of specific radiation type and energy to check calibration and response in each range

assessing need for corrections for differences:

in source-detector geometry and/or distance

between calibration and intended field/laboratory use

adjusting calibration if authorised to do so

repairing pinholes in fragile windows

simple fault finding using instrument manual, error codes and recommended remedial actions.

Radiation management plan should include details of:

work practices, such as safe working rules and emergency response procedures

roles and responsibilities of personnel

radiation monitoring requirements

control of an incident involving a source

storage of a source

accountability and records

other requirements that may have a bearing on safety.

Required records may include details of:

purchase records, warranties, and service agreements for instruments

instrument calibration status

instrument inspection, faults, servicing and repairs

instrument use, including operator, time and date, and location

instrument maintenance schedule and records.